630 CE / 8 AHAge 60

Sermon at the Conquest of Makkah

خطبة فتح مكة
Occasion
The peaceful conquest of Makkah
Location
The Kaaba, Makkah
Audience
The people of Makkah, including former enemies who had persecuted Muslims
Historical Context

After 21 years of persecution, torture, and exile, the Prophet returned to Makkah as a victor with 10,000 companions. Standing at the Kaaba that had been cleansed of idols, he addressed the Quraysh who had persecuted him and his followers for over two decades. This was a moment of ultimate test - would he seek revenge or show mercy?

The Sermon

O people of Quraysh! What do you think I will do with you? The people responded with fear and hope: "You are a noble brother and the son of a noble brother." Then I say to you what Yusuf (Joseph) said to his brothers: "No blame will there be upon you today. May Allah forgive you, and He is the most merciful of the merciful." Go, for you are all free (Al-Tulaqaa). O people! Indeed Allah has removed from you the pride of the Days of Ignorance and the boasting about noble lineage. All people are from Adam, and Adam was from dust. The noblest among you in Allah's sight is the most righteous. This is Allah's Sanctuary which He made sacred the day He created the heavens and the earth. It was not lawful for anyone before me, and it was made lawful for me only for a brief moment. Now it has returned to its sacred state until the Day of Resurrection. Its thorny bushes are not to be cut, its game is not to be disturbed, and lost property found in it is not to be picked up except by one who makes a public announcement about it. And the grass in it is not to be cut. Behold! Every claim of privilege or blood or property is under my feet except the custody of the Kaaba and the watering of pilgrims. Behold! The intentional killing of a believer with a weapon is punishable by death. The semi-intentional killing, such as with a stick or a stone, the blood money is one hundred camels. Whoever demands more has adopted the ways of pre-Islamic ignorance.
Arabic Excerpts
ما تظنون أني فاعل بكم؟
لا تثريب عليكم اليوم
اذهبوا فأنتم الطلقاء
Use for Friday Khutbah

Modern talking points based on this historic sermon

8 Key Points
1

Set the scene: 21 years of persecution, torture, assassination attempts - now the Prophet has total power

2

The powerful question: "What do you think I will do with you?" - building suspense

3

The reference to Prophet Yusuf - connecting to Quranic narrative of forgiveness

4

Mass amnesty - unprecedented in Arabian tribal culture where revenge was expected

5

Abolishment of jahiliyyah pride - spiritual conquest alongside physical conquest

6

The sacred status of Makkah - establishing Islamic law and sanctuary

7

Modern application: How do we treat those who opposed us when we gain position or power?

8

Call to action: Embody prophetic mercy in our relationships and conflicts

Key Lessons
  • 1.Forgiveness is stronger than revenge - it transforms enemies into allies
  • 2.Victory should be accompanied by mercy, not arrogance
  • 3.All human beings are equal regardless of lineage - piety is the only distinction
  • 4.Sacred places have special rulings that must be respected
  • 5.Pre-Islamic customs of revenge and arrogance must be abolished
  • 6.The blood of believers is sacred and protected by law

Themes

ForgivenessMercy in VictoryReconciliationAbolishment of Tribal PrideSanctity of MakkahIslamic Law Implementation

📖Quranic References

Yusuf 12:92

قَالَ لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ ۖ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ

He said: "No blame will there be upon you today. May Allah forgive you; and He is the most merciful of the merciful."

An-Nasr 110:1-3

إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ

When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest, and you see the people entering into the religion of Allah in multitudes, then exalt [Him] with praise of your Lord and ask forgiveness of Him. Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance.

📜Hadith References

Sahih al-Bukhari#4280Sahih

Narrated by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

On the Day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Prophet ﷺ granted safety to the people except for four men and two women, and he named them, saying: "Kill them even if you find them clinging to the curtains of the Kaaba."

Sunan al-Bayhaqi#18055Sahih

Narrated by Ibn Abbas

When the Prophet ﷺ conquered Makkah, he stood at the door of the Kaaba and said: "There is no god but Allah alone. He fulfilled His promise, aided His servant, and defeated the confederates alone."

Reflection Questions
  • ?How did the Prophet's forgiveness impact the people of Makkah?
  • ?What does this teach us about dealing with those who have wronged us?
  • ?How can we apply this principle of mercy in victory in our personal lives?
  • ?What is the significance of abolishing pre-Islamic pride and lineage-based superiority?
Scholarly Notes

The conquest of Makkah is considered one of the most significant events in Islamic history, achieved without bloodshed due to the Prophet's strategic planning and moral authority. Classical scholars note that this sermon established the precedent that Islamic victories should be marked by mercy rather than vengeance. The reference to Prophet Yusuf connects this moment to the Quranic narrative of forgiveness despite betrayal.