632 CE / 10 AHAge 63

Eid al-Adha Sermon (10 AH)

خطبة عيد الأضحى
Occasion
Eid al-Adha during the Farewell Pilgrimage
Day of Nahr (Sacrifice) during the Farewell Pilgrimage
Location
Mina, near Makkah
Audience
The pilgrims gathered at Mina for the sacrifice
Historical Context

The day after the Farewell Sermon at Arafat, the Prophet ﷺ delivered this sermon in Mina on the Day of Sacrifice. He reinforced key messages from the previous day and provided specific guidance on the rituals and rulings of Hajj and sacrifice.

The Sermon

Do you know what day this is? Do you know what month this is? Do you know what territory this is? They replied: "This is the sacred day, in the sacred month, in the sacred territory." He said: Indeed, your blood, your property, and your honor are as sacred to one another as the sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this territory of yours. Have I conveyed the message? They said: "Yes!" He said: O Allah! Bear witness! Behold! All practices of the Days of Ignorance are now under my feet, completely abolished. Behold! Blood revenge belonging to the Days of Ignorance is abolished. The first claim of blood I abolish is that of the son of Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith (his own relative who was killed in the Days of Ignorance). Behold! The usury of the Days of Ignorance is abolished, but you will have your capital sums. Wrong not, and you shall not be wronged. Allah has decreed that there shall be no usury. The first usury I abolish is that of my uncle Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. O people! Listen to my words and understand them. Know that every Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim, and the Muslims are one brotherhood. Nothing that belongs to a Muslim is lawful to another Muslim unless it is given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, wrong yourselves. Behold! Satan has lost all hope of being worshipped in this land of yours, though he will be pleased to be obeyed in matters you consider small. So beware of him in your religion. O people! Time has completed its cycle and is as it was the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is twelve months, of which four are sacred: three consecutive months - Dhul Qi'dah, Dhul Hijjah, and Muharram - and Rajab which comes between Jumada and Sha'ban. Have I conveyed the message? They said: "Yes!" He said: O Allah! Bear witness!
Arabic Excerpts
أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا؟ أَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا؟ أَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا؟
إِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ
كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ أَخٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِ
اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ
Use for Friday Khutbah

Modern talking points based on this historic sermon

9 Key Points
1

Rhetorical questions to create sacred awareness: "Do you know what day this is?"

2

Sanctity principle: If time and place can be sacred, how much more sacred is human life?

3

Abolishment of jahiliyyah customs: blood revenge, usury, tribal superiority

4

Leading by example: Prophet ﷺ abolishes claims of his own family first

5

True brotherhood: protecting each other's rights, not just emotional connection

6

Consent in transactions: no coercion, no exploitation, no unauthorized use

7

Warning about Satan: he aims for small matters when big matters are lost

8

Modern application: What jahili practices persist in Muslim cultures today?

9

Call to action: Identify one practice to abandon, one right to protect this Eid

Key Lessons
  • 1.Sacred times and places teach us about the sanctity of human rights
  • 2.Pre-Islamic practices of revenge and exploitation must be abolished
  • 3.Leaders must lead by example - abolish claims starting with their own families first
  • 4.Economic exploitation through usury is fundamentally unjust and prohibited
  • 5.Muslim brotherhood requires protecting each other's rights and property
  • 6.Consent is the basis of all lawful transactions
  • 7.Beware of Satan in small matters after he has lost hope in big ones

Themes

Sanctity of Life and PropertyAbolishment of Ignorant PracticesEconomic JusticeIslamic BrotherhoodLeading by ExampleConsent and Mutual RespectTime and Sacred Months

📖Quranic References

Al-Baqarah 2:278-279

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا

“O believers! Fear Allah, and give up outstanding interest if you are true believers. If you do not, then beware of a war with Allah and His Messenger! But if you repent, you may retain your principal—neither inflicting nor suffering harm.”

At-Tawbah 9:36

إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا

“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve lunar months in the register of Allah from the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred.”

📜Hadith References

Sahih al-Bukhari#1739Sahih

Narrated by Abu Bakrah

“The Prophet ﷺ said during the Farewell Pilgrimage: "Indeed, time has completed its cycle and is as it was the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is twelve months..."”

View on Sunnah.com
Sahih Muslim#1679Sahih

Narrated by Jabir

“The Prophet ﷺ said in his sermon at Mina: "Every Muslim is the brother of a Muslim. Nothing belonging to a Muslim is lawful for his brother except what he gives willingly."”

View on Sunnah.com
Reflection Questions
  • ?What modern "practices of ignorance" need to be abolished in our communities?
  • ?How does the Prophet ﷺ model accountability by starting reform with his own family?
  • ?What does true brotherhood require beyond mere claims of unity?
  • ?How do we respect the sanctity of others' property and honor in the digital age?
Scholarly Notes

This sermon, delivered the day after the Farewell Sermon at Arafat, reinforces and specifies the key principles with particular emphasis on practical abolishment of jahiliyyah customs. Scholars note that the Prophet ﷺ strategically abolished his own family's claims first to demonstrate that Islamic law applies universally, starting with leadership. This principle of leading by example remains fundamental to Islamic governance.

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