"Cleanliness is half of faith," the Prophet ﷺ taught, establishing hygiene as a fundamental part of Islamic practice. He demonstrated this through his own meticulous personal care and established practices that modern science has validated as essential for health. The miswak (tooth-stick) was constantly in the Prophet's hand. He said: "If it were not that I would be overburdening my Ummah, I would have commanded them to use the miswak with every prayer." He would use it before every prayer, when waking up, before sleeping, and whenever entering his home. Aisha reported that the last thing the Prophet did before his death was clean his teeth with a miswak. Modern research confirms that miswak has antibacterial properties and is more effective than regular toothbrushes in preventing gum disease. Personal grooming was a regular practice that the Prophet never neglected even during the busiest times. He taught ten matters of fitrah (natural disposition): trimming the mustache, letting the beard grow, using the miswak, rinsing the nose with water, cutting the nails, washing between the fingers, plucking the armpit hair, shaving the pubic hair, and washing the private parts with water after using the toilet. The Prophet ﷺ loved perfume and beautiful scents. He would never refuse perfume when offered, saying: "It is of good weight and has a pleasant fragrance." He specifically loved musk and would apply it before going to the mosque. His fragrance was so distinctive that people would know he had passed by a street from the scent he left behind. This practice combined spiritual benefits with social courtesy, ensuring that gathering for prayer was a pleasant experience for everyone. Bathing and washing were emphasized for both spiritual and physical purity. The Prophet taught the ritual bath (ghusl) for states of major impurity, but also encouraged regular bathing for cleanliness and good appearance. He said: "It is the right of Allah upon every Muslim to perform ghusl (at least) once every seven days." Friday ghusl before Jumu'ah prayer was particularly emphasized, with special care to use perfume and wear clean clothes. Even environmental cleanliness was addressed. The Prophet commanded removing harmful objects from pathways as an act of charity and faith. He forbade urinating in standing water or in places where people gather. These practices established comprehensive hygiene standards that protected individual and public health centuries before modern sanitation science.